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Departing banker's criticism sends Goldman shares down $2 billion
Goldman Sachs shares were back up 2.2 percent today.
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Goldman Roiled by Op-Ed Loses $2.2 Billion for Shareholders
By Christine Harper
Bloomberg News
Thursday, March 15, 2012
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-03-15/goldman-stunned-by-op-ed-loses-...
Goldman Sachs Group Inc. saw $2.15 billion of its market value wiped out after an employee assailed Chief Executive Officer Lloyd C. Blankfein's management and the firm's treatment of clients, sparking debate across Wall Street.
The shares dropped 3.4 percent in New York trading yesterday, the third-biggest decline in the 81-company Standard & Poor’s 500 Financials Index, after London-based Greg Smith made the accusations in a New York Times op-ed piece.
Smith, who also wrote that he was quitting after 12 years at the company, blamed Blankfein, 57, and President Gary D. Cohn, 51, for a "decline in the firm's moral fiber." They responded in a memo to current and former employees, saying that Smith's assertions don't reflect the firm's values, culture, or "how the vast majority of people at Goldman Sachs think about the firm and the work it does on behalf of our clients."
... Dispatch continues below ...
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Former Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker, 84, whose "Volcker rule" would limit banks like New York-based Goldman Sachs from making bets with their own money, called Smith's article "a radical, strong" piece. "I'm afraid it's a business that leads to a lot of conflicts of interest," Volcker said at a conference in Washington sponsored by the Atlantic magazine.
Goldman Sachs slid $4.17 to $120.37 yesterday, leaving the shares still up 33 percent this year. The stock advanced 0.5 percent to $120.98 at 9:33 a.m. in New York today.
David Wells, a spokesman for Goldman Sachs in New York, declined to comment beyond the contents of the memo and an earlier e-mailed statement in which the firm said it disagrees with the views expressed in the op-ed.
Executives at Goldman Sachs haven't changed their behavior even after the firm paid $550 million to settle a fraud lawsuit with the Securities and Exchange Commission and was accused by the U.S. Senate's Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations of misleading clients, Smith wrote. The company published a report in January 2011 with 39 recommendations on how to improve its business practices and client focus.
"Over the last 12 months I have seen five different managing directors refer to their own clients as 'muppets,' sometimes over internal e-mail," Smith wrote. "It astounds me how little senior management gets a basic truth: If clients don't trust you they will eventually stop doing business with you."
The article was e-mailed across Wall Street. One employee at Bank of America Corp.'s Merrill Lynch division, a competitor to Goldman Sachs, said his team was told not to send copies to clients. Parodies such as "Why I Am Leaving the Empire, by Darth Vader" on thedailymash.co.uk and the borowitzreport.com's "A Response from Goldman Sachs" also circulated.
"It does hurt them," said Stephane Rambosson, managing partner at executive search firm Veni Partners in London and a former Citigroup Inc. banker. "The perception of the firm has gone down, and a lot of the winners of tomorrow are sitting back and thinking, 'Do I want to be with Goldman?'"
There's little evidence that the firm's popularity with clients has been hurt by the SEC lawsuit, the Senate's criticism, or a recent ruling by Delaware Chancery Court Judge Leo Strine, who faulted Goldman Sachs' handling of a conflict of interest. The bank won more business than any other in advising companies on takeovers and equity offerings last year, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.
Some clients of Goldman Sachs's sales and trading department, the business in which Smith worked, said they are always cautious in dealings with Wall Street banks, understanding that their interests can diverge.
"The argument that Goldman has become increasingly profit-driven, sometimes at the expense of clients' best interests, and that some employees use vulgar and disrespectful language, is hardly news," Whitney Tilson, founder of hedge fund T2 Partners LLC, wrote in an e-mailed commentary. "What's the next 'shocking' headline: 'Prostitution in Vegas!?'"
Smith was an executive director in London, a title equal to vice president in New York. The firm employs almost 12,000 vice presidents, and most said in a recent internal survey that "the firm provides exceptional service" to clients, Blankfein and Cohn said in the memo. Smith, who sold U.S. equity derivatives to clients in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, didn't respond to calls seeking comment.
Seven former Goldman Sachs partners and managing directors, positions that are more senior than vice president, said in interviews that Smith shouldn't be taken seriously because he was a junior employee and may have been disgruntled about his pay or career. All asked not to be identified because they didn't want to risk ruining their relationship with the firm.
Still, six of the seven said they agreed with Smith's criticism of how the firm has treated clients under Blankfein and Cohn's management and that current members of the management committee would too. Even so, they said they don't expect the board of directors to take action or that anything will change because the firm has made money and outperformed most rivals.
"He may have aired a few comments that are true, but he's placed himself on a pedestal," said Jason Kennedy, CEO of the Kennedy Group, a London-based recruitment firm. "The reason he's been at Goldman Sachs for 12 years is that he liked the name and probably liked the money."
It's rare for people on Wall Street, especially at Goldman Sachs, to speak out publicly against their employers or former employees, said Roy Smith, a former Goldman Sachs partner who's now a finance professor at New York University's Stern School of Business.
"Who's going to hire someone who would do that?" he said. "The industry will close ranks on such things as whistle-blowing in this context."
NYU's Smith, who's not related to the author of the op-ed, said Wall Street's culture has changed because trading has become a more important source of revenue than the fees banks get from advising companies on takeovers or financing. Goldman Sachs generated 60 percent of its 2011 revenue from sales and trading.
The relationship with clients in the trading department differs from the investment bank, Smith said. Firms often are on the opposite side of a client's trade, and can profit at the client's expense. Still, it's not as simple as the article describes, he said.
"It just doesn't happen that it's easy to make money by ripping off your clients or counterparties because they're pretty smart people for the most part," he said.
Maurice "Hank" Greenberg, the former chairman of bailed-out insurer American International Group Inc., said Goldman Sachs' "change in culture" made the bank less responsive to clients.
"A trader has a short-term memory, and a short-term look at things, and that change really has changed the culture of Goldman Sachs," Greenberg told Bloomberg Television's Betty Liu today in an interview on the "In the Loop" program. "It is not the Goldman Sachs that represented companies as an investment banker."
Greenberg's former firm had a "contentious relationship" with Goldman Sachs, then-Federal Crisis Inquiry Commission Chairman Phil Angelides said in 2010. AIG sought to limit collateral demands in 2007 from Goldman Sachs, saying the bank was too aggressive marking down the value of the mortgage-related securities backed by the insurer through credit-default swaps.
Using rescue funds to cover AIG's obligations on the contracts amounted to a "back-door bailout" of Goldman Sachs, Greenberg said.
Though some competitors relished Smith's criticism of Goldman Sachs, which was the most profitable securities firm in Wall Street history before it converted to a bank in 2008, they may not be so different.
Smith's opinion piece "seems to be symptomatic of many, if not most, of the banks around the world," said Tom Kirchmaier, a fellow in the financial-markets group at the London School of Economics. "It might be that Goldman, as one of the most successful ones, is also one of the most extreme."
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